英语八大从句类型与用法总结目录
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成的复合句结构。从句是不能独立存在的,它必须依附于主句来表达完整的意思。英语中常见的八大从句类型和用法如下:。
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1. 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句可以在句中充当名词的角色,可以作主语、宾语、表语或宾补等。。
例如:。
- What she said is true.(主语)。
- I don't know where he is.(宾语)。
- His wish is that he can go abroad.(表语)。
- They made him what he is.(宾补)。
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2. 定语从句(Adjective Clauses)。
定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词,并且不能单独存在。通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。。
例如:。
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.。
- This is the house where I lived when I was a child.。
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3. 状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。
状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表达时间、原因、条件、目的、方式、比较等关系。。
例如:。
- She left the room after she finished her work.。
- He is so tired that he can't stay awake.。
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4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clauses)。
同位语从句用来对一个词或短语作进一步解释或说明,常见的引导词有that, as, whether。。
例如:。
- The fact that he passed the exam surprised everyone.。
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5. 原因从句(Causal Clauses)。
原因从句用来表示某事的原因或理由,常见的引导词有because, since, as, for。。
例如:。
- He failed the exam because he didn't study hard.。
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6. 结果从句(Concessive Clauses)。
结果从句表达一种出乎意料的情况或让步,常见的引导词有although, though, even though。。
例如:。
- Although it was raining, they still went out for a walk.。
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7. 条件从句(Conditional Clauses)。
条件从句用来表示某种条件,常见的引导词有if, unless, as long as。。
例如:。
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.。
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8. 目的从句(Purpose Clauses)。
目的从句用来表达某种目的或意图,常见的引导词有in order that, so that。。
例如:。
- He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.。
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以上是英语中常见的八大从句类型及其用法。熟练掌握这些从句类型的用法有助于提升语言表达的准确性和流畅性。。
★名词性从句(在句中充当名词的作用),它分为主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,和同位语从句。
引导词:
词性/词形/词义/作从句中的成分
连接词/if/是否/-
连接词/that/-/-
连接代词/who(ever)/(无论)谁[主格]/-
连接代词/whom(ever)/(无论)是谁[宾格]/主,表
连接代词/whose(ever)/(无论)谁的[所有格]/主,宾
连接代词/which(ever)/(无论)哪一个(些)/主,宾,表,定
连接代词/what(ever)/(无论)什么,……东西/主,宾,表,定
连接副词/when/什么时间/状
连接副词/where/什么地点/状
连接副词/how/怎么,如何/状
连接副词/why/为什么/状
★定语从句(在句中修饰名词,也叫先行词作用),它分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
引导词:
词性/词形/先行词/充当从句成分
关系代词/who/人/主,宾表
关系代词/whose/人/宾
关系代词/which/物/主,宾,表
关系代词/that/人或物/主,宾,表
关系代词/as/人或物/主,宾,表
关系代词/whose(of whom 或 of which)/人或物/定
关系副词/when(= in 等 which)/时间词/状
关系副词/where(= in 等 which)/地点词/状
关系副词/how/方式词/状
关系副词/why(= for which)/reason/状
关系副词/that在口语中可代替关系副词/-/状
★状语从句(在句中起状语的作用),它分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句,条件状语从句,共九种。
(That) this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.不用多说了THAT引导主语从句I wonder (if) human being are primarily altruistic or selfish.不用多说了IF引导宾语从句(As) I was looking for it, the innkeeper came in.不用多说了AS引导时间状语从句People are (not so) honest (as) they once were.不用多说了NOT SO...AS引导同级比较从句Child (as) he is, he knows how to help others.不用多说了AS引导让步状语从句(As soon as) he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. 不用多说了AS SOON AS 引导时间状语从句The young man did(not) wake up (until) the bed had struck the ground. 不用多说了NOT ...UNTIL引导时间状语从句
定语从句概要: (这是有关定语从句的精要介绍,涵盖了有关定语从句的各个方面,供参考:) 引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as;关系副词有when, where, why。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。
关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
关系代词的选用比较复杂,受下列条件的制约: (1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物, (2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能, (3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
在定语从句中充当的成分 ↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句 指人 指物 指人或指物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 谓语 whose whose (of which) That 只能用在限定性定语从句中,而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中,也可用于非限定性定语从句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says. I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人。
】 The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy. The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。
】 The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.(在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略。
) The watch which was lost has been found. The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了。
】 Here is the material which you need. (注:现代美语中不允许这样用) Here is the material that you need. Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在这儿了。
】 You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧。
关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单,如果先行词是表示时间的名词,如time, day 等,则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词,如place, house, area 等等,则选用where。
如果先行词为reason 则选用why I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood. I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood. 我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。
I don’t know the reason why he did that. I don’t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他为什么这么做。
】 当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时,或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时,或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时,一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句: I have explained everything that I can to you. I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。
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