虚拟语气用法总结 英语中虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气用法总结 英语中虚拟语气的用法

很高兴能够参与这个虚拟语气的用法问题集合的解答工作。我将根据自己的知识和经验,为每个问题提供准确而有用的回答,并尽量满足大家的需求。

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结介绍如下:

1、对现在假设的情况

从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)

主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do;

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.

如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)

2、对过去没做的事情的假设

实际还是没做

从句:If+主语+had+done

主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done

If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.

如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

3、对过去没做的事情的假设

实际还是没做

从句:

①if+主语+were to do

②if+主语+should+do

③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)

主句:

主语+should/would/might/could+do

例:

If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.

如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.

如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)

If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)

4、错综条件句

有时,虚拟条件句中, 如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时, 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。

例:

If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer now.

如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了

If they had informed us,we would not come here now.

如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

例:

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了。

If he knew her, he would have greeted her.

要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。

虚拟语气用法?

1、提出将来会发生的事:

主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形

从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形

If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.

如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。

2、提出现在的条件:?

主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形

从句:动词过去式

If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much.

如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会很了解周边环境。

3、提出过去的未发生的条件:

主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词

从句:had+动词过去分词

If I had read the book, I would have told you about it.

我如果看过本书,我会把内容告诉你了。

扩展资料

虚拟语气用法:

1、用在含蓄条件句中

句子中,假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来,而是用一个介词短语来表示,句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。

这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。

例如:Without music, the world would be a dull place.

2、用在错综时间条件句中

有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整,这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如:

If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.

此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句则假设与现在情况相反

3、用在wish后的宾语从句中

这种句子主要表示愿望,that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时。

例如:I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反)

若wish 后的宾语从句中用would,可以表示请求,通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例如:I wish you would help us.

4、用在if only感叹句中

当表示“但愿”,“要是…就好”时,它的用法和wish基本相同,只是更富有感情色彩,表示一时很难实现的愿望。

例如:If only I knew what you wanted.

5、用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中

当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时,用过去完成时;当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时,用一般过去时。

例如:The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.

6、用在某些虚拟的定语从句中

He was the very person I should have been wished to see.

7、用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择,仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中

I’d rather they came tomorrow.

但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等惯用语如用在简单句中,其后都用不加to的动词不定式。

例如:I’d rather die than give up my principle.

英语中虚拟语气的用法

 虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.

May you be happy.

May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.

May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久.

Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!You go out!你出去!

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中.动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求.

I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边.

I wish I could help him.我希望我能帮助他.

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿.

动词 demand,suggest,order,insist,propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略.

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了.

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服.

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.

在句型 "It is important (necessary,strange,natural) that ." 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用:should + 动词原形.

Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步.

Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的.

Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人.

英语虚拟语气有哪几种用法

虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实.If I were you,Id take them away.如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们.If I had met Li Hua,I could had told him.如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉他了.If I had time.I could come to help you.如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的.He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组.He speaks to us as if he had been there.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿.

虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.

May you be happy.

May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.

May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久.

Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!You go out!你出去!

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中.动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求.

I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边.

I wish I could help him.我希望我能帮助他.

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿.

动词 demand,suggest,order,insist,propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略.

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了.

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服.

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.

在句型 "It is important (necessary,strange,natural) that ." 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用:should + 动词原形.

Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步.

Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的.

Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人.

4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中.

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来.

A.与现在事实相反的:If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式..if I (he,she) were...I (we) should + 动词原形.He (you,they) would + 动词原形.

B.与过去事实相反的:If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词.He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词.

If I were you,I should buy it.如果我是你,我就买了它.

If I had time,I would study French.如果我有时间,我会学习法语的.

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的.

If you had got up earlier,you could have caught the train.如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的.

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.如果明天天气好,我就去买东西.

有关虚拟语气的几个问题

1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were,had 或 should 移到主语前面.

Were she younger,she would do it .如果她年青点,她就会干的.

Had he known her address,he would had gone to visit her.如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的.

2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句.

I could help you.我本来可以帮助你.

If I had time.我要有时间该多好啊!

She should have come to the party.她应该来参加聚会.

If he had much more money.如果他有更多的钱就能.

3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致.

If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些.

If he had not taken my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好.

虚拟语气有哪些形式?用法是什么?

虚拟语气的用法及形式:

一、表示与现在事实相反的情况:

从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)

主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do

二、表示与过去事实相反的情况:

从句:If 主语+had+done

主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done

三、表示对将来情况的主观推测:  

主句:主语+should+do 

从句:①if+主语+were to do

②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were

四、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

五、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。

六、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…等。  

七、 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

扩展资料

虚拟语气种类:

1、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。

2、祈使语:表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。

3、虚拟语气:虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。  

参考资料:

百度百科-虚拟语气

虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气

⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.

② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.

③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。

⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)

⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.

⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.

⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.

除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式

① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.

② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.

③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.

⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.

Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气

⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.

⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school

⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。

⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)

⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

虚拟语气的三种用法

虚拟语气的三种用法:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。

虚拟语气包含两种:一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类。另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。

与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式,主句谓语用should(would,could,might)+动词原形。

与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词。

与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用should(would,could,might)+动词原形。

英语中的各种语气:

1、陈述语气:I like apples 我喜欢苹果。(肯定)

I don't like apples我不喜欢苹果(否定)

2、疑问语气:What's your name?你叫什么名字?

Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果?

3、祈使语气:Open the door 打开门

4、虚拟语气:If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你,我将会原谅她。

虚拟语气中should的用法是什么

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:

I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)

If it should rain,we wouldn”t go out.(将来)

If I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)

If he were here,we could ask him.(现在)

(2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如:

If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

She would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy.

If I hadn”t taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.

If only you hadn”t told him the news.

(3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:

Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.

Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.

Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.

(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:

If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).

If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).

2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:

I suggest that we(should)set off at once.

The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.

I wish I were as strong as you.

would rather that you hadn”t told him.

    

3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:

It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.

It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.

It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.

4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。

在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:

Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.

My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.

Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?

5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:

They talked as if they had been friends for years.

She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.

He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.

6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:

在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟

关于虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法1.非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式与现在事实相反:条件从句 结果从句if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式 i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形与过去事实相反:if i(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词 i(we) should/you would/they would+have+过 去分词与将来事实可能: if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式/were to i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形相反 /should例句:1与现实事实相反:I am sorry I am very busy now.If I had time,I would certainly come to see you.很抱歉,我很忙。如果有时间,我一定去看你了。2与过去事实相反:If I had not been for your help,I wouldn't have finished the work so easily.如果当时听了你的话,我就不会犯那样的错误了。3与将来事实相反:If it rained(were to rain /should rain)tomorrow,I should stay at home.如果明天下雨,我会待在家里。二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法1、在以it为形式主语的复合句中,虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等,谓语动词用should be 型或be型虚拟式,在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如:It's natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。2、主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态,常用在it is (was)desired (suggested,settled,proposed,recommended,requested ,decided,etc)that...句型中如:It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do

注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。

The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.四、虚拟语气在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。

I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式

一、表示“好像”:除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反;用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反

二、特殊连词的需要:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+加动词原形)

He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)

三、介词短语表示虚拟: 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设

He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。)

2) But for his help,I .

〔A〕 should not have succeeded

3) The complex society of a modern 〔C〕 the art of writing 4) But that he came to help me, I .

〔A〕 could not have succeeded

III 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况

一、在wish的宾语从句中

1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反

She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。)

2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would+动词原形

I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) 3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时

二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中:一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类

1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句

suggest(建议), propose (提议), recommend(建议), move (提议), advise(建议), insist(坚持), urge(极力主张), ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算), prefer(宁愿), urge(敦促)。

When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替):这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should + 动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形

it is necessary essential (重要的), vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)that…; it is(was, has been) desired suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided that … .

3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should+动词原形或省略should。这类词有:order, request, requiremetn, insistence,suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议),proposal(建议),recommendation(建议),understanding(协议), resolution(决定,决议)

4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等

I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

5. 另外,在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装

If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。)

Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的。)

但如果把引导词去掉,我们就要用倒装句,如上述几句可变为

Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

三、it is (high) time, 〔该(必须)做……〕等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气

It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)

It is high time that this wrong spending .

此外,还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构,一般表示愿望,如: If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) 虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实,或是不可能发生的事情,而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。

一、在宾语从句中

1.当主句的谓语动词为“suggest,propose,advise,insist,order,demand,require,request, desire’’等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时,其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如:

I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.我建议我们今晚开个会。

另外,当主句动词为“ask,move,urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时,其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如:

I move that the money be used for books. 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。

2.当主句动词为wish,表示“但愿……”,“要是……该多好叼”之意时,其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。

①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were,但有时也可用was)。例如:

1 wish l remembered his address.我要是记住他的地址就好了。

有时;为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作,从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如:

1 wish it wasn’t raining.要是天不下雨就好

了。

②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如:

We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。

He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。

③情态动词“would,could,might”等后接动词原形,表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如:

We wish he could come.我们希望他能来。

3.在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution.我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。

4.在would rather之后的宾语从句中,其动词用虚拟语气,表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。

①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如:

I’d rather you went home now.我宁愿让你现在就回家。

②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。

例如:

I’d rather you hadn’t done that.我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。

二、在主语从句中

1.在句型“h is/was+过去分词+that从句”中,当过去分词为“suggested,ordered,desired,insisted, required,demanded,requested,decided,proposed,urged’’等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party.请求张**在晚会上表演一个节目。

2.在句型“h is/Was+形容词+that从句”中,当形容词为“important,necessary,strange,natural’’等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你们的帮助,真奇怪。

3.在句型“h is/was+名词+that从句” 中,当名词为“a pity,a shame,no wonder’等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遗憾,他竟然那么自私。

三、在同位语从句或表语从句中

在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice’’等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中,用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)

My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)

四、在定语从句中

在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中,谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念,意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。

例如:

h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。

五、在状语从句中

1.在假设条件句的if条件从句中

假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构:

①与现在的事实相反,其句子结构为“If+主语+were/谓语动词的过去式”。例如:

If 1 were you,I shouldn’t do that.如果我是你,就不会做那件事了。

②与过去的事实相反,其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如:

1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number.如果我知道你的电话号码,就打电话给你了。

③表示将来不太可能实现的条件,其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式/were to+动词原形/should+动词原形”。例如:

If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。

注:在if从句中,如果含有“were,should,had’’时,可省去if而将“were,should,had’’置于句首,构成倒装句。例如:

Were l in your position,1 would go.如果我处在你的位子上,我就走了。

2.在目的状语从句中

①在由lest

和in case等引导的目的状语从句中,用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如:

He ran away lest he(should)be seen.他跑走了,以免被人看到。

in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时,从句表示的就是真实情况,而不是虚拟情况。例如:

Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold.带上厚衣服,以防天气变冷。

②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”

引导的目的从句中,要用“can/could/may/might/would+动词原形”,以表示目的并非事实。例如:

she might/could take care of her sick mother. 她在家呆了几天,以便照顾她生病的母亲。

③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中,用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may/might/would)。例如:

He worked hard for fear that he should fail.他努力学习,害怕考试不及格。

3.在方式状语从句中

由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中,如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的,则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相

反;如果是BE动词,则用were;②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如:

She loves the child as i厂he were her own.她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。

(实际上不是她亲生的孩子)

Holding his head high,he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist.他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过,就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的)

4.在原因状语从句中

在“I’m sorry that.—/We were surprised that一./They were disappointed that...”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中,用“should十动词原形”。例如:

I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health.他的身体这么差让我很难过。

上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气,但这仅表示所叙述的是事实,而不表示说话人的情绪

好了,今天关于“虚拟语气的用法”的探讨就到这里了。希望大家能够对“虚拟语气的用法”有更深入的认识,并且从我的回答中得到一些帮助。

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