大学英语四六级考试虚拟语气详解资料（四） 初中英语虚拟语气的讲解

大学英语四六级考试虚拟语气详解资料（四）

条件句中的虚拟语气　　第一节：if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气

　虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。

　一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断

　1、可以把条件句分为两类：

　1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition)：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如：

　⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。

　⑵、As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我说了什么错话，你一定要指出来。

　⑶、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。)

　2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition)：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如：

　⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。

　⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。

　⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。)

　2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断

　判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。

　判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

　3、“后退一步法”

　后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：

　①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

　②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

　③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

　主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例：

　⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.

　⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

　⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.

　4、注意事项

　①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。

　②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：　　(一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：

　从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……

　主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……

　例：

　1.If I were you, I would go with him.

　2.If the weather were fine, I would go there.

　如果天气好，我去那儿。(事实天气不好)

　3.If I were you, I would read it again.

　如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。(事实上我不是你)

　4.If time permitted, I would write it again.

　如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。(事实上时间不允许)

　5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.

　要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。(事实上现在下雪)

　6.What would I do if I were in your place?

　要是我处于你地位我会怎么办?(事实上我不在你的位置上)

　7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.

　他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。(可是他不着急)

　8.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.

　如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。(而事实上得到了你们的帮助)

　9.If we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.

　如果有人力,我们还能开更多的荒地.

　10. If I were you, I would go with him.

　(从句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)

　11. If I were you, I should buy it.

　(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy)

　12. If I had time, I would study French.

　(如果有时间，我会学习法文。)(从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study)

　13. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.

　(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)

　注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……"

　14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.

　(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)

　(二)、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：

　从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……

　主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……

例如:　　⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。(事实上你没有听我的劝告)

　⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年，就不可能写出这样好的小说。(事实上我和农民生活了五年)

　⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我，我就不会来参加你的舞会。(事实上你邀请了我)

　⑷、If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time. 要是没有你们的帮忙，我就不会按时完成了这项工作。(事实上你们帮助了我)

　⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话，就不会被打入监狱。(事实上他违法了)

　⑹、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病，我是可能来上学的。(事实上我生病了)

　⑺、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话，就把你开除学籍了。(事实上我不是)

　⑻、 If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。

　⑼、 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。

　⑽、 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用have caught)如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。

　⑾、 If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用have skied)如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。

　注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词 +……

　⑿、 If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking)

　(三)、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为：

　从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……

　主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……

　例如：

　⑴、If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题，我会用另外一种方法的。

　⑵、If you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情，就会受到惩罚。

　⑶、If I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话，我会取得更大的进步。(事实上我不可能努力学习)

　⑷、If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。(根据天气情况，明天不可能下雨)

　⑸、If he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了，我就能够向他请教。(事实上他来的可能性很小)

　⑹、If he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话，我将和他一起做此事。(事实上他来的可能性很小)

　⑺、 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用be)如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。

　⑻、 If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用tell)如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。

　⑼、 If he were here, I would give him the books.(从句动词用were, 主句动词用give)如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。

　注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用："If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词 +……"

　⑽、 If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let)如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。

if 的虚拟语气讲解

1、对现在情况的假设：表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况。形式：If+主语+did，主语+should/ would /could +do.例句：If you knew english well,you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.

2、对过去情况的假设：表示与过去事实相反的情况。形式：if+主语+had done,主语+should/would /could+have done.例句：if i had not studied hard ,i might have failed in the exam.（事实是我通过考试了）

3、对将来情况的假设：表示将来实现可能性不大的情况。形式：if+主语+did/were to do /should do,主语+should /would /could do.例句:if he should change his mind ,what would we do?

if的省略：在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，这时从句需要采用倒装语序，即：将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面，主句不做任何变化。例句：should it rain tomorrow,we would staly at home.

错综时间：所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间。这时，需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式。例句：if i were you ,i would have taken his advice.（从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间），我要是你，就听他的忠告了。

初中英语虚拟语气的讲解

初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。

虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句

　 wish（would rather）+宾语从句

suggest（…）+宾语从句

2. 主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do

表 语 从句S+is that +s + (should) +do

同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do

3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did，用过去式表现在情况

1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去

两种形式 用过去将来表将来

2. should+动词原形型

内 容 详 述

I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)

时 间 条件状语从句 主 句

与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did… S+would/should/could/might+do…

与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done… S+would/should/could/might+have done…

与将来事实相反的假设 did…

If+S should do

were to do

S+would/should/could/might+do…

注意事项：

1．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。

2．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。

3．If there weren't/had not been +…=without…

4．If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for…

5．otherwise+虚拟语气的句子

6．虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子

II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中

sb. did …(希望现在用过去式)

1. wish+that sb. had done…（希望过去用过去完成式）

sb. would/should do（希望将来用过去将来）

2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。

时 间 从 句

虚拟现在 were, did (动词一般过去式)

虚拟过去 had done

虚拟将来 did (动词一般过去式)

例：I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去）

I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在)

3. suggest+（that）S+should+do…

表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should ＋动词原形，should常常省略。

这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested， require等。

注意：

1. suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气

2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。

　判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.

（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

　 （错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.

　 （对） I insisted that you were wrong.

III. 虚拟语气用在主语从It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。

It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do

suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等

important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等

a pity, a shame, no wonder等

IV．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。

某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。

这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。

eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off．

V． 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。

某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。

这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes.

VI． 虚拟语气用在定语从句中

It is（about ／high）time ＋that sb.did sth/should do sth..

eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home？

注：在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。

eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？

VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中

1．在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

2．由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

3．虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should ＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。

eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．

VIII．虚拟语气用情感语言中

1．虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。

eg.You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance．

2．If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语

eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.

IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法：

1. 省掉if的条件从句结构：

Had you asked me, I would have told you.

(=If you had asked me,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing.

(=If he were a true friend, he would...)

3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

英语中虚拟语气的具体句式和句型讲解

一、词的语气

指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）

英语中的语气分为三类：

陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）

祈使语气（用于祈使句）

虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）

[编辑本段]二、虚拟语气

1） 虚拟语气概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

[编辑本段]三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg .

If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）

If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. （真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）

If I were you, I would go at once. （非真实条件状语从句）

If there were no air, people would die. （非真实条件状语从句）

总结就是 四个字：主将从现，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。

2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

① 表示与现在事实相反的情况

（条件）从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

谓语动词用一般过去式

（be用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形（过去将来时）

eg.

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）

②表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

Had+过去分词（过去完成时） Should/would/could/might+

have+过去分词（现在完成将来时）

eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）

③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）

从句 主语 例句

If+主语+ ① should+动词

② did

③were to do

(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小，

should/would/

could/might+动词原形

If it rained tomorrow our picnic would be put off.

万一那天下雨，我们的郊游

就推迟。

eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）

If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。

[编辑本段]四、虚拟语气的其他用法

①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式

eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望

谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形

eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）

②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。

在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

③虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条，已经讲的很清楚，这里就不粘贴了。

求英语大神详解虚拟语气和主语从句

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

一、虚拟语气在从句中的使用

虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。

1、表示现在的虚拟式

从 句

主 句

与现在事实相反

动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）

would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反

had + 过去分词

would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反

动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形

would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你身边去。

If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.

如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于一个非常困难的境地。

2、表示过去的虚拟式

从 句

主 句

与现在事实相反

动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）

would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反

had + 过去分词

would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反

动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形

would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.

如果我们早一点动身的话，就不会误车了。

If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的

3、表示将来的虚拟式

从 句

主 句

与现在事实相反

动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）

would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反

had + 过去分词

would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反

动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形

would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.

如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他点问题。

If there should be no air, there would be no living things.

如果没有空气，就不会有生物。

二、错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。

If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。如果我今天早上带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.

（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果过去几年里不努力工作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。

If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果当时的天气更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。

If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）

如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。

三、含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如：

But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.

如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。

The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.

没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。

I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.

我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用

1、wish后的宾语从句（would rather (sooner) 后也是如此）

I would rather they came tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天来。

How I wish it wasn’t raining now. 如果现在不下雨该多好呀！

I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party. 我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！

但would rather 后没有主语则应使用零不定式.

2、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句

They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.

他们要求侵略者立刻撤退。

I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.

我提议应该制定一个交计划的最后期限。

3、it is desired, it’s suggested, it’s requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that, it has been decided that 等之后的主语从句：

It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要立刻派他前往。

It’s required that Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party.

要求李先生在晚会上出个节目。

It’s desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

要求我们在今晚前把一切准备好。

4、在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中：

The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village.

要求所有村民撤退的命令下达了。

I second Xiao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem.

小李提议成立一个特别委员会处理此问题，我附议。

5、在下列句型中要用 should +动词原形。如：it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder

It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.

很可惜，他这个人竟然这么自大。

It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

奇怪的是他竟看不到自己的缺点。

6、as if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样

I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.

我清楚地记得这件事就象昨天刚刚发生的。

It seems as if it were spring already 似乎现在已经是春天的样子了。

7、以 lest, for fear that, in case 引出的从句，动词多用 should + 动词原形，表示 “惟恐”的意思。

He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. 他带上雨伞以免下雨。

He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands.

他把所有的重要文件全部烧毁以免落入敌人的手中。

Here’s some money in case you should need it. 这是点钱以免你用地着。

8、在 if only 引出的感叹句中

If only I hadn’t lost it! 如果我要不丢该多好！

If only I could see him once! 再能看到他一次该有多好！

Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 噢，希望他能知道我是多么思念他！

9、在 it is high time that 之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气。

It is time that we went (should go) to bed. 现在该上床了。

It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy.

现在该是结束这场争辩的时候了。

10、用于expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中。

I never expected that the new apartment should be so small. 没料到这桩新公寓竟这么小。

主语从句 定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

①主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如：

It is still a question whether she will come or not.

It is strange that you should like him.

It is still unknown which team will win the match.

另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：

It turned out that……;

It has been proved that……;

It happened/occurred that……;

It is well-known that……等等

②而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句

强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄

强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.

强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.

判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is +名词+that从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is +形容词+that从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it +不及物动词+that从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it is+过去分词+that从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

What you said yesterday is right.

虚拟语气的形式与意义详解

虚拟语气的形式与意义详解

　想要学好英语怎么能不知道虚拟语气的形式与意义呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。

　情态动词(Modal Verbs)是说话人用来表示说话的语气，包括叙述、命令、要求、愿望及不可能的假设。如果是叙述，就是叙事语气。命令或要求，就是祈使语气;愿望或不可能的假设，就是虚拟语气。

　这里就来说虚拟语气的形式及其意义。

虚拟语气可分三种如下：

一、纯虚拟

　(形式和意义都属虚拟。)

　首先，可用条件副词分句来表示一种不是真实性的假设，如：

　(1) If l were you, l would not do such a thing.

　这里的过去时态?were?表示现在的事件、现在的愿望。

　接着，也可用名词从句表示一种不能实现的愿望如：

　(2) I wish l could do something for you.

　这里的过去时态?could do?表示的.是现在的事件、现在的愿望。

　(3) I wish l had not made such a decision.

　这里的过去完成时态?had not made?表示过去的事件，现在的愿望。

　此外，还可用由?as if?引导的副词从句表示不是真实的事，如：

　(4) The tired worker walked as if he had been drunk.

　最后，可用?but for?或?without?引导的简单句表示不可能的事，如：

　(5) But for the heavy rain(要不是这阵大雨)，we would have done the work.

　(6) Animals could hardly breathe without air.

　注意，这种虚拟句里的动词时态，异乎寻常。

　 二、半虚拟

　(虚拟的形式，可能的事件。)

　半虚拟语气可表示?客气?及?事发可能性低?等意义，如：

　(7) Would you please lock the door behind you?

　(8) Could l use your telephone for a while?

　这里的过去式语气动词，表示?客气?。

　(9) lt might rain this afternoon.

　(10) The eyewitness's evidence could be false.

　这里的过去式语气动词表示?可能性低?，也就是对所提的事?存有怀疑?或?不甚确定?。

三、旧式虚拟

　(这里的名词从句中的动词保存原形，没有第三人称的?S?，接系动词，?be?，也不起变化)，如：

　(11) We insist that the criminal be sent to prison.

　(12) God bless you!

　(13) Who suggested that Tom come early?

　(11)和(13)里名词从句的动词形式是典型的美式英语;英式英语通常冠以情态动词?should?。类似的例子有：

　(14)The people demand that the govern-ment (should) put a stop to all forms of corruption.

　(15) The education committee proposed that students (should) be encouraged to think creatively.

　(16) It is important that we (should) keep fit.

　(17) It is essential that work (should) come before pleasure.

　(18) It is recommended that there (should) be equal pay for equal work.

;

英语语法虚拟语气讲解

英语语法有词类也有句型，我们现在来看看虚拟语气的用法。下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅!

：if only后的句子用虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。

If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。

If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

友情提示if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

：would rather后的句子用虚拟语气

would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：

1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I'd rather you went tomorrow now. 我宁愿你明天现在去。

I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。

I'd rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。

I'd rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。

I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。

You always go without me and l'd rather you didn't. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。

“Shall I open the window? ” “I'd rather you didn't. ”“我要不要把窗子开启? ” “我看不要开启好。”

2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。

l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 宁 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。

l'd rather he had told / hadn't told me about it 我 宁 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。

Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的，我宁愿地不坐汽车去。

：虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议，怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。

I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中

虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句由连词if 引导。

1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句

条件状语从句主句

If +主语 +动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词

be的过去式用were

例如：

If I feared death, I wouldn't be a munist.

刘胡兰怕死就不做 *** 员。

If there were no air, we couldn't live.

如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。

Example:

I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.

A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know

I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.

A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

构成

条件状语从句主句

If + 主语 + 动词过去完成式主语 + would, should, could, might+have + 过去分词

例如：

If you had e a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。

If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.

如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。

Example:

If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.

A. you would meet John already

B. you won't have missed John

C. you will have met John

D. you would have met John

3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句

构成

条件状语从句主句

If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形动词

例如：

If he were to e tomorrow, things would be easier.

假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。

If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.

如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。

注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中的should有时可以省略。如：

If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.

要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用另外的方法设计。

Example:

If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would bee an island.

A. will B. is C. was D. were

If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A. are B. will be going C. must D. were

We might still catch the train if we ___.

A. make hurry B. haste

C. make haste D. hastily

4.错综时间的虚拟语气

在一些含有虚拟语气的句子中，如果主句与从句的谓语表示不同的时间，虚拟语气可有不同形式，即主句与从句各自按自己的时间构成虚拟形式。例如：

If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇见过他，我就能认出他了。

从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在或将来事实相反

If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我们的行车速度每小时100里，两小时以前我们就会到达那里了。

从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反

Example:

If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.

A. haven't watched

B. didn't watch

C. hadn't watched

D. wouldn't have watched

5.省略连词if

在条件状语从句中，如果有were, should, had，可以把连词if 省去，把 were, should, had 放在句首，构成条件意义。例如：

Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 万一明天下雨，你怎么办?

Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是没有摩擦力，我们就不能行走。

Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.

如果我们过去知道这种新方法，我们早就应用了。

Example:

Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.

A. had not failed B. would not fail

C. could not be failed D. would not have failed

_______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

______ difficulties, we would be successful.

A. Should we overe B. Would we overe

C. Might we overe D. Could we overe

6.虚拟结构中省略主句或从句

虚拟结构中有时可省去主句或从句，并不影响意义的完整。

1省去条件从句

That would be fine. 那太好了。省去了if you would e 或类似条件

I wouldn't pass up the chance to visit China. 我不会放弃访问中国的机会。

We might have produced more coal. 我们可能生产出更多煤炭。

注：省略条件句，在试题中很少见到。

2省去主句，常用以表示愿望。从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。

If only she were here. 假如她在这儿该多好啊!

If only he lived! 假如他活着该多好啊!

If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道这件事，那就好了。

Example:

If only it _____! but it is too late.

A. is avoided B. has avoided

C. could be avoided D. can be avoided

If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!

A. is working B. worked

C. works D. has worked

看过的人还：

虚拟语气，一直没搞懂，能否前辈帮忙讲解一下，借这几句。万分感谢。

条件状语从句分类

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。　eg：　If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)　If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）　If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气）　If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气）

用法及动词形式

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：　从句：主语+过去时　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do　eg：　　1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.　如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）　2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.　如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）　3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.　如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)　4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.　如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）　5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.　如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）　6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.　她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）　　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况　从句：主语+had+done　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　　eg：　1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。　（事实：去晚了）　2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。　（事实：没有听我的话）　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测　从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do　②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do　　③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do　　eg：　1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.　如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）　2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.　如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）　3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.　如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。　4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。　①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。　eg：　If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.　如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了　If they had informed us,we would not come here now.　如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。　②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。　如：　If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.　如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。　If he knew her,he would have greeted her.　要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。　5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：　Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.　要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。　Were she here,she would agree with us.　如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。　Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.　如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。　6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…等　eg：　But for his help,we would be working now.　要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。　Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.　要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。　We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.　我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。　7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。　①省略从句　He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。　You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。　②省略主句　If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。　If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。　8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。　eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.　如果我是你，就会去找他。

wish 后宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式　eg. I wish I hadyour brains.　我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)　b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done　eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.　我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道）　c、表示将来难以实现的愿望　谓语动词：should/would（情态动词） + 动词原形　eg. I wish I should have a chance again.　我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）　(注：if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法）

目的状语从句

1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且 should能省略　She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.　她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。　He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.　他早早的就出发了以防迟到。　2、在so that,in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。　He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。　He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。

其他用法

1、一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。eg：　He suggestedthat we (should) takethe teacher's advice.　He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher's advice.　He demand that we (should) takethe teacher's advice.　He orderedthat we (should) takethe teacher's advice.　insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。　eg：　He insists he is a student.　他坚持说他是个学生。　这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。　suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。　eg：　His face suggests that he looks worried .　他的表情暗含着他很担心。　这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。　2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。　　句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。　eg:　Do you think it necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.　It is srange that such a person should be our friend.　奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。　注：这一点还没有准确的说法，希望善心人能把这点补充完全。　3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。　eg：　Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.　即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）　Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.　即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）　4、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：　指现在或将来：may +do。　eg：　We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.　不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。　We will find him wherever he may be.　无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。　I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.　不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。　指过去：may +have done 。　eg：　You mustn't be proud whatevergreat progress you may have made.　不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。　We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.　不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。　5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：　过去 had + done　　现在 过去时(be 用were )　将来 过去时(be 用were )　eg：　I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.　我倒想你昨天看过了这场**。　I'd rather you were here now.　我倒想你现在在这儿。　We'd rather you went here tomorrow.　我们倒想你明天去那儿　注：注意would rather，had rather，would sooner的细微差别，可以百度一下查查。　6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do，即从句用虚拟过去式。　It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.　我该去学校接我的女儿了。　It is high time you should go to work.　你早该上班了。　7、 简单句中的虚拟语气　（1） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。　eg：　Would you mind my shutting the door?　你介意我把门关起来吗？　You should always learn this lesson by heart.　你要把这个教训牢记于心。　I should agree with you.　我本该同意你的观点。（委婉的不同意）　（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语+ do。　eg：　May you have a good journey!　祝你一路顺风。　May your youth last for ever!　祝你青春永驻。　（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用do。　eg：　Long live the Communist Party of China.　中国***万岁。　God bless us.　上帝保佑。　（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。　① 提出请求或邀请。eg：　Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?　今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？　Could I use your bike now?　我可以用一下你的单车吗？　② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg：　I should glad to meet you.　见到你我会很高兴。　I would try my best to help you.　我会尽力帮助你。　③提出劝告或建议。eg：　You'd better ask your father first.　你最好先问一问你的父亲。　You should make a full investigation of it first.　你应该先全面调查一番。　④ 提出问题。eg：　Do you think he could get here on time　你认为他能按时来吗？　Do you expect he would tell us the truth?　你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？　⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have done。　eg：　You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。　You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。

省略连词if

有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首：　Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。　Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。　Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。　注　① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。　② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：　Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)

省略主语和动词be

若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：　If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.　要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)

省略“it+be”

If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.　如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)

　(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如：　We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.　我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）　Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.　没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。　（暗含条件是介词短语without your help）　But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.　如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）　It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.　不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。　（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）　(2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：　I would not have done it that way.　我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）　I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.　我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.）　You might come to join us in the discussion.　你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）　I would have bought the DVD player.　我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）　But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.　要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）。

新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解

新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解

　虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。那么下面是我为大家分享整理的新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解，欢迎大家阅读浏览。

　虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：

　1、虚拟条件句。

　2、名词性虚拟语气。

　3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

　一、虚拟条件句：

　条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

　1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：

　If 主语+过去时，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形，如：

　If I were you, I would study hard.

　If it rained, I would not be here now.

　2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：

　If 主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词，如：

　If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.

　If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.

　3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：

　If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)+do，主语+should(could...)+原形do，如：

　If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

　If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.

　If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.

　注意问题：

　1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。

　2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现?混合虚拟?的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。

　3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

　Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

　Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

　Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

　二、名词性虚拟语气：

　在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+(should)+动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o'clock.(宾语从句)

　We suggested that the meeting should not be held.

　It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主语从句)

　The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)

　That is their demand that their wages be increased.(表语从句)

　注意：在这种句子中绝不出现"would""must""could"等。

　三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的`使用或含蓄条件句：

　1、wish后的宾语从句：

　与现在愿望不一致?主语+过去时：I wish I were you.

　与过去愿望不一致?主语+had+过去分词：I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.

　与未来愿望不一致?主语+would(could)+原形：I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.

　2、It's time句型：

　当It's time后用that从句时应该为?主语+should+原形?或?主语+过去时?，例如：

　It's time that you went to school. 或It's time that you should go to school.

　3、If only引起的感叹句相当于?How I wish+宾语从句?：

　If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。

　If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。

　4、would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

　I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

　I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday.

　She loves the children as if they were hers.

　Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

　5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件：

　Without you, I would never know him.

　But for your cooperation, we wouldn't have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we wouldn't have done the work so well.

　(注：without / but for... = If it was not for.../ If it hadn't been for...)

　But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

　I would be most glad to help you, but I' am busy now.

　I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!

　专项训练

　1、It is important that a college student ______ a foreign language.

　A.will master B.master C.masters D.would master

　2、It is strange that she ______ without saying a word.

　A.should have gone out B.went C.should go out D.goes out

　3、If my lawyer ______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.

　A.had been, would have prevented B.had been, would prevent C.were, would prevent D.were, would have prevent

　4、 He is a brave man.?

　Yes, I wish I ______ his courage.?

　A.have B.had C.will have D.may have

　5、If it ______ rain, the crops would be saved.

　A.should B.will C.is going to D.was to

　6、He ordered that the medicine ______ by a special plane.

　A.was sent B.would be sent C.should send D.be sent

　7、If you ______ the medicine, you ______ better now.

　A.took, would feel B.had taken, felt C.had taken, would feel D.took, would have felt

　8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if ______ my mother.

　A.is B.was C.were D.had been

　9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I ______ so.

　A.didn?t do B.hadn?t done C.haven?t done D.couldn?t do

　10、I?d rather he ______ tomorrow afternoon.

　A.will come B.comes C.coming D.came

　参考答案：

　1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A 6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D

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好了，今天关于“虚拟语气讲解”的探讨就到这里了。希望大家能够对“虚拟语气讲解”有更深入的认识，并且从我的回答中得到一些帮助。